* All eastern EU members seen in recession this year
* Polish, Czech, Bulgarian recessions mild
* Big contractions in Baltics, Hungary
* Higher deficits to complicate euro entry efforts
* Poles, Romania, Lithuania Latvia face budget penalties
By Marcin Grajewski
BRUSSELS, May 4 (Reuters) - All of the European Union's
eastern members will fall into recession this year and some
could lose control of swelling budget deficits, jarring their
plans to adopt the euro, the bloc's executive said on Monday.
The European Commission forecast economic contractions of up
to 10 percent in the worst-hit Baltic states and said the
region's biggest economy, Poland, would shrink 1.4 percent, a
sharp contrast to Warsaw's own forecasts of marginal growth.
Among 10 ex-communist countries that joined the EU in 2004
and 2007, the Czech Republic and Bulgaria are also forecast to
experience a relatively small contraction, compared with the
euro zone's expected 4.0 percent this year.
"Compared with other countries in the region this is a
relatively mild recession thanks, among other factors, to the
lower share of trade in GDP," the Commission said on Poland,
which accounts for about half of the region's output.
The estimates came as forward-looking data from April showed
the dramatic manufacturing decline in the Czech Republic and
Hungary slowed, suggesting their shrinking economies could be
approaching a bottom. But the figures showed Poland worsening.
The Commission's twice-yearly forecast saw Czech 2009 growth
at -2.7 percent and Bulgaria at -1.6 percent this year and 0.3
percent and -0.1 percent respectively in 2010.
Hungary, which has been granted a $25.1 billion
International Monetary Fund-led bailout package after years of
fiscal profligacy, will shrink by 6.3 percent in 2009 and -0.3
percent in 2010. Budapest's government has forecast the economy
to shrink by up to 6.0 percent this year.
If borne out, the forecast for a contraction in Poland would
be the first there since 1992, compared to growth of 4.8 percent
last year. The country is expected to be one of the few in the
region to return to growth in 2010, at 0.8 percent.
For the Baltics, Estonia was seen contracting 10.3 percent
this year, Latvia by 13.1 percent and Lithuania by 11 percent.
The economies will also shrink in 2010, although much less.
Polish Finance Minister Jacek Rostowski remained adamant the
economy would grow this year, but said his expectations for
growth were now that it would top 1 percent, compared to the
government's early worst case scenario of 1.7 percent.
The IMF and many bank analysts forecast a contraction.
The commission said a sharp depreciation of the Polish zloty
-- it has lost more than 25 percent against the euro since last
July, would ease pressure on exporters, but it may dampen demand
from households that have taken foreign currency loans.
SWELLING BUDGET GAPS
Manufacturing data showed Poland's Purchasing Managers'
Index (PMI) inched down to 42.1 points in April from a
five-month high of 42.2 in March. The Czech index rose to 38.6
in April, from 34.0. A score above 50 indicates manufacturing is
expanding, while a score below means it is contracting.
The industry-led decline in eastern Europe -- a result of
euro zone consumers cutting back on purchases of the cars and
electronics made there -- has severely undercut budget revenues
across the region.
The Commission said public sector deficits would also swell
across the region, with the Czech Republic's growing to 4.9
percent of gross domestic product in 2010, from 1.5 percent last
year, and Hungary's to 3.9 percent, from 3.0.
It said Poland's deficit would balloon even more to 6.6
percent this year and 7.3 percent in 2010, from 3.9 percent last
year. All would be much higher than the 3 percent ceiling
required of euro zone aspirants.
And if Poland's estimates If those figures materialised,
Warsaw would find it hard to meet its goal of joining the euro
in 2012, exacerbating problems already expected with meeting an
exchange rate stability criterion.
European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs
Joaquin Almunia also said the Commission would pursue budget
disciplinary measures against countries that had deficits above
the EU's 3-percent ceiling last year -- one condition for euro
entry.
The Commission said higher risk aversion towards emerging
markets and quickly mounting debt would cause an increase in
interest expenditure for all.
"We will proceed progressively with other countries,
especially according to new information available, which had
deficits of above 3 percent in 2008, namely Malta, Poland,
Romania, Lithuania and also Latvia," he said.
(Editing by Patrick Graham)
